Sunday, December 29, 2019

Tobacco And Its Effect On Society - 831 Words

Introduction Tobacco or cigarette is a classical issue in the world. There is no exact evidence that states when did the smoking behaviour actually was started. However, according to cancercouncil.com.au (n.d.), tobacco plants have grown in the wild for nearly 8000 years, and people have started chewing and smoking tobacco since 2000 years ago. Today, based on (tobaccoatlas.org (n.d.)) almost 20 per cent of adult world population that consist of around 800 million males and 200 million females smoke cigarette. Even though the percentage of smoking adults continuously decrease in the last five decades, tobacco products killed nearly 6 million people in 2011 and 50 million people in the last decade. Moreover, tobacco use is predicted will cause around 1 billion deaths in 21st century. Regardless of the facts above, cigarette is still an interesting issue to be explored because of its two-side effects. For them who get benefit from it such as cigarette user or smokers may think that smoking is part of lifestyle, self-actualization and individual free will (Carrigan, 1995). Some sources also identify that smoking can lowers risk of knee-replacement surgery, Parkinson s disease , obesity, death after some heart attacks and helps the heart drug clopidogrel work better (Allam, Campbell, Hofman, Del Castillo, Fernà ¡ndez-Crehuet Navajas, 2004; Tanaka et al., 2010; tobaccoinaustralia.org.au, n.d.; Wanjek, 2011). On the other hand, for those who do not smoking, this behaviourShow MoreRelatedTobacco And Its Effects On Society956 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Tobacco is an agricultural crop, most commonly used to make cigarettes. It is grown all over the world and supports a billion-dollar industry.† Tobacco is one of the huge issues that include people in our society. Many people are using sources that will bring up tobacco. Even though TVs, radios or cigarettes packs have warnings on them, people still continue to do it. The government should take more actions to this problem; actions that will make people want to realize the cause that is given toRead MoreThe Effects Of Tobacco On The Society1453 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco companies make nearly $1 million every hour a day or $24 million a day. Tobacco has been around for centuries, as far back as the american indians. Tobacco was one of the first crops grown for money. The amount of pollution and harm the tobacco and cigarette comp anies cause every year is alarming. Tobacco is hurting the country through pollution, cancer causing chemicals, and debris of tobacco products. â€Å"The cigarette is the deadliest artefact in the history of human civilisation† (Proctor)Read MoreThe Effects Of Tobacco On The American Society On One Hand, And The Saudi Arabian Society1902 Words   |  8 Pagesfocuses on the use of tobacco and the impact on the American society on one hand, and the Saudi Arabian society, on the other hand. Also, it is extremely important to follow the changes of the using on all types of tobacco during past years until 2010. Then the paper will have the future assuming of the numbers of smokers in the United States of America and Saudi Arabia as well as the problem solving and the recommendations. There are some a verity of differences in using tobacco between countries,Read MoreTobacco And Its Effect On The Nervous System1022 Words   |  5 Pages Tobacco is simply an agricultural crop, which is used abundantly in making cigarettes. It is a green plant that is commonly found in warm climates, and it was first grown in 1612 in Virginia as a â€Å"profit crop† for them. Tobacco was used a cash crop for the Virginians, and thats were the origins of such an industry can be accredited to. Since then, Virginia’s economy as well agriculture has been heavily influenced by tobacco. Nicotine is the main ingredient in tobacco, which is found in moreRead MoreShould Big Tobacco Be Sued for Health Care Bills? An Analysis998 Words   |  4 Pages Should big tobacco be sued for health bill? An analysis A recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada on the subject of smoking is the main topic of my articles. The landmark ruling made on September 30th gives the province of British Columbia ammunition against big tobacco companies. The decision allows British Columbia to sue tobacco companies for damages related to smoking-related health care costs dating back 50 years (Bell Globalmedia Inc [BGMI], 2005). Many expect theRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicatedRead MoreTobacco Kills One Person Every Six Seconds (Sahil). The1678 Words   |  7 Pages Tobacco kills one person every six seconds (Sahil). The use of tobacco has been around for many years, and it seems only to be getting worse. The human body is affected in an abundance of ways due to the abuse of tobacco products. If individuals would stop the use of tobacco, this would help prevent many diseases, negative health consequences and possibly early death according to their age. Tobacco use is a problem because, it causes numerous health effects on individuals, such as addiction, birthRead MoreThe Tobacco Endgame : Is It Possible?1086 Words   |   5 Pages Response to â€Å"The Tobacco Endgame: Is It Possible† â€Å"The Tobacco Endgame: Is It Possible?† Written by Thomas E. Novotny and published in PLOS Medicine is an article that reflects on how tobacco has been cancer in society and the newer approaches that are being made in order to stop this â€Å"epidemic†. Tobacco kills 6 million out of the more than 1 billion users yearly. A meeting was held in 2012 concluded that what was being done was not enough. One solution offered was to create a smoke-free generationRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Smoking1584 Words   |  7 Pagesin our society for generations. Families have grown up with family members that smoke or even smoking themselves. Smoking is a large part of our society spending billions while boosting the economy with sales and ads; in the midst of so much negativity surrounding smoking which is it good or bad? We hear the negatives all the time but upsides to smoking are never discussed. Tobacco and smoking were not always used how they are today. Back around 600 to 900 A.D. many cultures grew tobacco and NativeRead MoreThe Reality of Hookahs942 Words   |  4 Pagestodays society, smoking is a trend where people of all ages are doing. People smoke anything from cigarettes to hookahs. Hookahs are generally becoming popular throughout the generation. The hookahs are mainly used in bars, cafes, and in peoples own home. People do hookahs to have a great time with friends without knowing the consequences that they produce. If people are aware of the consequences of smoking anything from hookah to cigarettes may be used with the acknowledge of the effects. Many people

Friday, December 20, 2019

China In The 20th Century Essay example - 2955 Words

Overview China in the 20th century has been going through enormous changes. From colonialism and imperialism to republicanism, from communism to capitalism, and from underdevelopment to a country maintaining over 10% economic growth for over ten years. In this research paper, I will focus on the transition of China from a Communist command economy to a type of market economy as well as the economic fluctuations throughout this period. In 1949 Oct 1, the Peopleamp;#8217;s Republic of China was established. Before 1949, there was a period of civil war soon after the world war two. The confrontation was between the Nationalist Komintang led by Chiang Kai Shek and peasant-based Communist party led by Mao-Zedong, ended with†¦show more content†¦He was in favor of capitalist-style reforms and he also changed China fundamentally by introducing dramatic changes in economy to cope with the growing influence of global capitalism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 The period of Mao Before the Peopleamp;#8217;s Republic of China was established, China remained predominantly rural and agricultural, with close to 90 percent of the population living in the countryside and about 65 percent of the national income generated in the agricultural sector. (Liu and Yeh 1965, 66, 212) At that time, very few people could read, inflation was so high that prices sometimes rose daily, and the tenants were greatly exploited by landlords (Kristof and Wudunn,61). The period of 1949 to 1952 was largely the reconstruction and rehabilitation period. Land reform began promptly after the founding of Peopleamp;#8217;s Republic. The Communist halted inflation, restoring confidence in its new paper currency, divided up the land, tried to end up opium addiction and prostitution, banned child marriages, and encouraged the peasants to go to school and breathed new hopes into the people. ItShow MoreRelatedChina, Japan, and the U.S. in the 20th Century1491 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿China, Japan, and the U.S. in the 20th Century During the later half of the 20th century, China and Japan underwent both economic and non-economic reforms that were aided by the influence of the United States. In China, the death of Mao led to the rise of the dark horse candidate Hua Guo Fang, a transitional figure who denounced the Gang of Four. Though only in power for a few years, his last act was to revive Deng Xiaoping’s political office, a man that would do more for China in the next 20Read MoreThe Revolution Of China During The 20th Century2048 Words   |  9 PagesMao Zedong, the leader of China during the third quarter of the 20th century, organized two movements in his country in an attempt to develop China s economy through the establishment of communism. Through The Great Leap Forward, Mao planned to change the layout of the Chinese economy by forcing collectivism on his country and implementing other ways to speed up production. Since this movement failed, he then implemented The Cultural Revolution. It consi sted of the same goals but was carried outRead MoreChina And Japan During The 19th And 20th Century1990 Words   |  8 PagesChina and Japan in the 19th and 20th Century China and Japan had fallen on hard times leading up to the 19th and 20th Century. Both China and Japan reigned as perhaps the two most successful countries in east Asia for most of their storied histories. China had been the center of trade between the west and east for hundreds of years, and economically was as wealthy as one could imagine. Japan, residing on an island off the coast of Korea, was traditionally rather isolated through its rule by ShogunsRead MoreChina s Culture During The 20th Century1364 Words   |  6 PagesChina’s culture saw some drastic changes during the 19th and 20th centuries, from the influx of new influences from the West to the more culturally sterile regime of Mao Zedong. In the early 20th century, Shanghai was a top cultural center in the East, and its achievements, although almost lost due to decades of conflict and political struggle, were preserved and built upon in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Following the social reforms, post-Mao China was ripe f or reintroduction of culture, and Taiwan’s closeRead MoreVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century2496 Words   |  10 PagesVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century In a recent documentary about the lessons from the life of former Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, McNamara recalls an incident that took place in Vietnam in the 1990s. While visiting Vietnam after relations between the United States and Vietnam began to normalize, McNamara asked the Vietnamese leaders how they had managed to continue the war with the United States for so many years, making huge sacrifices in the process. McNamaras interlocutorsRead MoreThe Brain Drain and Revolution in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century China1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe end of the 19th century, Chinese officials were beginning to realize that their country’s educational infrastructure was becoming increasingly anachronistic. Traditional education largely ignored technology—considered it low class, even—and students instead focused on cultivating a sense of moral righteousness. Yet, the Confucian-centered examination system was beginning to prove ineffective in a world whe re modern militaries predominated in international relations. China learned this painfulRead MoreChinas Fast Entry into the Fashion World after the 20th Century1825 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s fast entry into Fashion World after the 20th Century The dawn of the 20th century brought in many challenges in China such as cultural, political, economic, and social. The social changes increased its push after the 1911 revolution which caused in the passing of the Qing Empire. Social improvement led to amendment in dress codes as well. The head shaving and queue (long plait) men had been compulsory to wear, to validate their subservience, gradually vanished. The practice of foot compulsoryRead MoreThe Relationship Between China And East Asia Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1800s. By the beginning of the 20th century, most of the world’s lands had already been discovered. Trade links between China and Europe had been around since the Hellenic Age. And in the year 1900 it had been 124 years since the founding of the United States of America. Cross the Pacific Ocean, and one would find themselves face-to-face with the United States’ distant neighbor, East Asia. In East Asia, two of the most historically significant na tions are China and Japan. For a number of reasonsRead MoreSoviet Revolutions And The Soviet Revolution1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe 20th century was a tumultuous time all around the world. The 1900s saw two world wars and several revolutions. Among these revolutions, Russia and China stand out among them all. These two countries were the first two to fall to communist revolutions. Communists focused on eliminating class systems and creating a society where property is publicly owned and everyone is paid according to their abilities. Communists believed that this type of society would be better for all people. This ideal societyRead MoreChina s Evolution Of China1582 Words   |  7 Pagesplayer Iriye (2012) maintains that the journey of globalisation in China is one that has been a very gradual process, having history that can be traced to several centuries back (p. 83). The slow and steady nature with which China has evolved into what can now be termed as a globalised country is largely attributed to China’s quest to remain inward-looking for a very long time. In most historical accounts, the evolution of China from an inward-looking country to an international stage player who

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Competitive Strategy AAA Framework of the Food Industry

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategyfor AAA Framework of the Food Industry. Answer: Discussion: AAA Framework of the Food Industry: Any organization that aims to achieve global value creation must choose to consider the AAA framework as introduced by the eminent economist Pankaj Ghemawat. The food industry of Australia is an important industry that contributes an enormous share of revenue through its steady growth over the last few decades, and hence the report first analyses the AAA strategy adopted by the two companies of this industry- Bakers Delight and Pie Face. Adaptation: Although Bakers Delight is an Australia owned industry, it has swiftly expanded to other foreign locations, such as New Zealand and Canada. Hence, the organization had to ensure that it is capable of introducing changes, and revising its products and service, while dealing with the consumers of a foreign market. It is to be noted that in Australia, the organization produces rolls, buns and ordinary pizzas, and yet keeping in mind, the natural love of the New Zealanders for pork, meat and mutton bird, the New Zealand stores of the company produces tasty buns and rolls stuffed with meat and fish inside. Again, the same the organization offers too many options on the sandwich products while serving the Canadian consumers. Again, Pie Face the Australian organization that specializes in the sale of coffee and pies, offers and introduces a variety of flavoured coffee drinks in New York, considering the natural love of the consumers (Morschett et al. 2015). Aggregation: As a part of introducing economies of scale, Bakers Delight has already centralized its production in a few strategically located places of Canada and New Zealand so that it is able to create global competitive advantage for itself. Again, Pie Face has recently employed a few New York residents for serving the consumers of the nation, in a more effective way. Understanding the language, choice and preference of the consumers, is highly important and hence the organization introduced the strategy. Again, Pie Face has discreetly chosen New York for expansion, as it knows that the food culture of Australia and New York is quite alike (Ario 2015). Arbitrage: Exploiting the cultural, geographic or economic difference in a foreign market is important. The labour cost, and manufacturing cost in New Zealand is comparatively cheaper, and this is the reason why Bakers Delight had set up its stores in New Zealand, and most importantly instead of utilizing the existent workforce of Australia, for the production process, has hired fresh workforce in New Zealand. Again, Pie Face already is encountering a fierce competition in its home country, Australia, and hence fond it discreet to invest in countries like New York, which has less competition in the pie industry in comparison to the huge demand in the consumer market. Hence, the bargaining power of the consumers of Pie Face is relatively much lower in New York (Jha et al. 2015). AAA Framework in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The pharmaceutical industries of Australia are a huge industry dealing with generic medicine companies, biotechnology firms, bio-medical research firms and many more. The two important industries- Biopharm Australia and Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited, are being considered here. Adaptation: While entering Algeria and retaining its position in a foreign nation, Biopharm Australia might have to encounter much difficulty, and hence the organization has rightly chosen to enter partnership agreement with Cipla, that will collaborate with the organization in the manufacturing process. Again, Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited employs the strategic alliance policy for drug development and testing methods in UK (Brunheroto and Leme 2014) Aggregation: BiopharmAustralia, has expanded itself in a variety of countries, including Ukraine and Russia, and the reason behind the same is that it reduces the operational cost and manufacturing cost of the organization. Biopharm Australia, hence has decided to focus more on markets of the developing nations, instead of the European market, known for expensive labour force. Again, Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited has expanded to UK, as getting its licence to market its new drugs in UK, offers the company to get the license to distribute the products all over Europe (Ghemawat 2015). Arbitrage: As far as Biopharm Australia is concerned, the organization creates its global advantage by employing the method of outsourcing. The organization is improving its collaboration with foreign nations, such as Canada so that the medical experts of these countries can interpret the medical research reports at a cheaper cost. Again, Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited is rightly exploiting the wider scope and greater opportunity for Research and Development activities, available at US, and hence has expanded itself over there. While both the organizations depend on the non-European nations for the outsourcing service, both the firms boost their innovation of products by availing the R D facilities available in the European areas (Ghemawat 2014). Conclusion: Global trade can largely benefit an organization, but it should be remembered that the organization must be able to employ an effective and most suitable business model that suits the requirements, preferences and demands of a foreign consumer market. Reference List: Ario, A., 2015. Semiglobalization: A Relevant Reality. InEmerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises(pp. 35-42). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Brunheroto, A. and Leme, S.M., 2014. Revista CONTEDO, Vol. 6, No 1 (2014).Revista CONTEDO,6(1). Ghemawat, P., 2014. Arbitrage Strategies.Unpublished Globalization Note Series, University of Navarra, IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. Ghemawat, P., 2015. From International Business to Intranational Business. InEmerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises(pp. 5-28). Emerald Group Jha, S., Dhanaraj, C. and Krishnan, R., 2014, January. MNE RD in Emerging Markets: Arbitrage, Adaptation Aggregation in Global Innovation Networks. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 17650).Academy of Management. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.The Integration/Responsiveness-and the AAA-Frameworks.InStrategic International Management(pp. 25-49).Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.